消防知識(shí)

Fire safety knowledge

一、系統(tǒng)選擇

1、 System selection

1.系統(tǒng)型式：室內(nèi)4~70℃，應(yīng)選濕式；反之選干式。

1. System type: Indoor 4~70 ℃, wet type should be selected; On the contrary, choose the dry type.

①≤27m的住宅設(shè)置有困難時(shí)，可只設(shè)干式消防豎管和不帶消火栓箱的DN65的室內(nèi)消火栓。

① When it is difficult to install residential buildings ≤ 27m, only dry fire risers and DN65 indoor fire hydrants without fire hydrant boxes can be installed.

②干式消火栓系統(tǒng)的充水時(shí)間不應(yīng)大于5min。

② The filling time of the dry fire hydrant system should not exceed 5 minutes.

二、川消消火栓的配置要求

2、 Configuration requirements for Sichuan Fire Hydrants

1.室內(nèi)消火栓。

1. Indoor fire hydrants.

①公稱直徑65有內(nèi)襯里的消防水帶，長(zhǎng)度宜≤25.0ｍ。

① A fire hose with a nominal diameter of 65 and an inner lining should have a length of ≤ 25.0m.

②噴嘴直徑16mm或19mm的消防水槍，設(shè)計(jì)流量為2.5L/s時(shí)宜配置當(dāng)量噴嘴直徑11mm或13mm的消防水槍。

② A fire water gun with a nozzle diameter of 16mm or 19mm should be equipped with an equivalent nozzle diameter of 11mm or 13mm when the design flow rate is 2.5L/s.

2.卷盤(pán)水龍

2. Reel faucet

①內(nèi)徑≥ф19的消防軟管，長(zhǎng)度宜為30m；輕便水龍：公稱直徑25有內(nèi)襯里的消防水帶，長(zhǎng)度宜為30m。

① Inner diameter ≥ ф 19 fire hoses, preferably 30 meters in length; Portable water hose: A fire hose with a nominal diameter of 25 and an inner lining, preferably 30 meters in length.

②消防軟管卷盤(pán)和輕便水龍應(yīng)配置當(dāng)量噴嘴直徑6mm的消防水槍。

② Fire hose reels and portable faucets should be equipped with fire water guns with an equivalent nozzle diameter of 6mm.

3.設(shè)置要求

3. Setting requirements

①各層均應(yīng)設(shè)置消火栓。

① Fire hydrants should be installed on each floor.

②屋頂停機(jī)坪出入口，距離不應(yīng)小于5m。

② The distance between the entrance and exit of the roof apron should not be less than 5m.

③消防電梯前室應(yīng)設(shè)置室內(nèi)消火栓，計(jì)入使用數(shù)量。

③ The front room of the fire elevator should be equipped with indoor fire hydrants, which should be included in the usage quantity.

④滿足同一平面有2支消防水槍的2股充實(shí)水柱同時(shí)達(dá)到任何部位的要求，布置間距不應(yīng)大于30m;但建筑高度小于或等于24.0m且體積小于或等于5000m3的多層倉(cāng)庫(kù)、建筑高度小于或等于54m且每單元設(shè)置一部疏散樓梯的住宅，可采用1支消防水槍的1股充實(shí)水柱，布置間距不應(yīng)大于50m。

④ Meet the requirement of having 2 solid water columns with 2 fire water guns on the same plane and meeting the requirements of any part at the same time, with a spacing of no more than 30m; However, for multi-story warehouses with a building height of less than or equal to 24.0m and a volume of less than or equal to 5000m3, and residential buildings with a building height of less than or equal to 54m and one evacuation staircase per unit, one solid water column with one fire water gun can be used, and the spacing should not exceed 50m.

⑤距地面高度宜為1.1m;其出水方向應(yīng)便于消防水帶的敷設(shè)，并宜與設(shè)置消火栓的墻面成90°角或向下。

⑤ The height from the ground should be 1.1m; The water outlet direction should be convenient for the laying of fire hoses, and should be at a 90 ° angle or downward from the wall where fire hydrants are installed.

4.壓力要求

4. Pressure requirements

①栓口動(dòng)壓力應(yīng)≤0.5Mpa，當(dāng)＞0.70MPa時(shí)必須設(shè)置減壓裝置。

① The dynamic pressure at the bolt mouth should be ≤ 0.5Mpa, and a pressure reducing device must be installed when it is greater than 0.70MPa.

②高層建筑、廠房、庫(kù)房和室內(nèi)凈空高度＞8m的民用建筑等場(chǎng)所，消火栓栓口動(dòng)壓應(yīng)≥0.35MPa，充實(shí)水柱→13m；其他場(chǎng)所，消火栓栓口動(dòng)壓應(yīng)≥0.25MPa，充實(shí)水柱→10m。

② In high-rise buildings, factories, warehouses, and civil buildings with an indoor clearance height of>8m, the dynamic pressure of the fire hydrant port should be ≥ 0.35MPa, and the water column should be filled to 13m; In other places, the dynamic pressure of the fire hydrant mouth should be ≥ 0.25MPa, and the water column should be filled to 10m.

③城市隧道供水量低壓力應(yīng)≥0.30MPa，當(dāng)＞0.70MPa時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置減壓設(shè)施（消火栓間距應(yīng)≤50m）。

③ The low water supply pressure in urban tunnels should be ≥ 0.30MPa. When it is greater than 0.70MPa, pressure reducing facilities should be installed (the distance between fire hydrants should be ≤ 50m).

5.減壓裝置

5. Pressure reducing device

1）減壓孔板。

1) Pressure reducing orifice plate.

①應(yīng)設(shè)在直徑≥50mm的水平直管段上，前后管段的長(zhǎng)度均不宜小于該管段直徑的5倍。

① It should be installed on a horizontal straight pipe section with a diameter of ≥ 50mm, and the length of the front and rear pipe sections should not be less than 5 times the diameter of the pipe section.

②孔口直徑不應(yīng)小于設(shè)置管段直徑的30%，且不應(yīng)小于20mm。

② The diameter of the orifice should not be less than 30% of the diameter of the set pipe section and should not be less than 20mm.

③應(yīng)不銹鋼板材制作。

③ It should be made of stainless steel plates.

2）節(jié)流孔

2) Orifice

①直徑宜按上游管段直徑的1/2確定。

① The diameter should be determined by 1/2 of the upstream pipe section diameter.

②長(zhǎng)度不宜小于1m。

② The length should not be less than 1m.

③平均流速不應(yīng)大于20m/s。

③ The average flow rate should not exceed 20m/s.

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